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A nerve block is the injection of local anesthetic close to a targeted nerve or group of nerves to lessen pain. This is particularly useful in determining the source of the pain. Injection of anti-inflammatory medication in conjunction with local anesthetic may promote healing of damaged nerves. A nerve block is an injection to decrease inflammation or "turn off" a pain signal along a specific distribution of nerve.

 

During a nerve block, an anesthetic and/or anti-inflammatory injection targets a certain nerve or group of nerves to treat pain. People who suffer from either acute or chronic pain might have a nerve block injection to achieve temporary pain relief. Often, such pain originates from the spine, but other areas commonly affected include the neck, buttocks, legs, and arms. Delivering a nerve block injection allows a damaged nerve time to heal itself from a state of constant irritation. Nerve blocks can provide diagnostic information to the doctor. By performing a nerve block and then monitoring how you respond, your doctor may determine the cause or source of the pain and plan further treatment.

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Procedural Details

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A nerve block is normally done on an outpatient basis. You will be positioned on your stomach or side on a fluoroscopy (X-ray) or ultrasound table so your doctor can easily access the injection point. You may be offered a mild sedative through an IV line in your arm to ease your anxiety. Ask your doctor ahead of time if sedation will be used so you can arrange a ride home after the procedure. If you are receiving sedation, your doctor will ask you to fast for a period of six to eight hours prior to the procedure.

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You will be given a local anesthetic to numb the area where you will receive your injection. You still may feel a pinch or some discomfort as the needle enters your skin. The doctor will be guided to inject the medication into the right spot using ultrasound or fluoroscopy, which converts X-rays into video images. After the procedure you’ll rest until the medication takes effect.

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Length of Relief and Outlook

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Pain relief can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Each patient responds differently. Some patients may obtain relief from a single injection while others may need multiple nerve block treatments.

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A nerve block procedure is generally safe and most people are able to return to their normal routine a day after the procedure. Depending on your situation, you may get several treatments along with physical therapy or pain medications.

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Risks and Side Effects

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Be sure to talk to your doctor about any side effects and risks of nerve blocks. These may include: risk of infection at injection site, bleeding or soreness at injection site, or specific side effects for different nerve blocks; for example, trouble swallowing, red drooping eyes, hoarseness (after a stellate ganglion block, which targets nerves in the neck).

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